Photonics, an intricate branch of optics, revolves around the science of generating, detecting, and manipulating light. In essence, it concerns the practical application of light in the form of photons through a myriad of processes, such as emission, transmission, amplification, switching, modulation, and sensing. While quantum electronics predominantly deal with the theoretical facets, photonics brings these concepts to life through engineering applications. Though photonics covers the full spectrum of light’s technical applications, the primary focus remains on visible and near-infrared light. Its roots trace back to the inventions of the early 1960s – the seminal semiconductor light emitters – and the development of optical fibers in the 1970s.
A Glimpse into History
The etymology of the term ‘photonics’ is derived from the Greek word “phos,” signifying light. Although its inception was in the late 1960s, the term intended to illustrate a research field centered around utilizing light for functions previously governed by electronics, such as information processing and telecommunications.
The field of photonics witnessed its inception with the groundbreaking invention of the maser and laser between 1958 to 1960. Subsequent breakthroughs, like the laser diode in the 1970s, optical fibers designed for transmitting information, and the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, were instrumental in shaping the telecommunications revolution of the 20th century. These innovations laid the groundwork for today’s Internet infrastructure.
Although the term ‘photonics’ was coined earlier, its mainstream use burgeoned in the 1980s with the advent of fiber-optic data transmission by telecommunications network operators. Its significance was underscored when the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society launched the Photonics Technology Letters journal towards the 1980s’ end.
With the dot-com bubble of 2001, photonics’ focal point was predominantly on optical telecommunications. Yet, its applications span across diverse sectors such as laser manufacturing, biological and chemical sensing, medical diagnostics, display technology, and optical computing. The continued growth of photonics is anticipated, especially with the advancements in silicon photonics.
Education in Photonics
In response to the growing demand for expertise in this field, institutions now offer specialized degrees in Photonic Science and Engineering. The joint venture between the College of Optics and Photonics and the College of Engineering and Computer Science has pioneered an exceptional bachelor’s program in Florida. This unique curriculum grooms the next generation of engineers, poised to lead the burgeoning optics and photonics industry.
Students benefit from the tutelage of world-renowned faculty, strong industry affiliations, and can engage in active student organizations like the Society of Optics Students. The comprehensive curriculum, punctuated with lectures and hands-on laboratory activities, ensures students are equipped with both theoretical knowledge and real-world experience.
The realm of opportunities for graduates is vast, given the 35,000+ U.S. companies in the photonics sector. Industries such as aerospace, biomedical, energy production, communication, and advanced manufacturing beckon. Furthermore, for those aspiring for advanced studies, UCF’s Master of Science in Optics and Photonics is ranked among the top 15 programs in the nation by the U.S. News and World Report.
In summary, photonics stands at the forefront of technological evolution, heralding a brighter, more enlightened future for all.
Wiley Online Library. Aug 2023. Journal Title. Retrieved from Wiley Online Library.